概述:
RIP 协议,是一个距离矢量路由协议,采用跳数作为到达目的网络的度量标识,最大跳数为16 跳,即大于等于16 跳网络即为不可达。目前有RIP V1 和RIP V2 两个版本。由于最大跳数的限制,以及协议的其他原因,RIP 协议不适合用于大型网络。
路由安装疑难:
缺少具体的路由条目并通信断续-未关闭自动汇总:

如图 3:在路由器A B C 间运行RIP 路由协议。
A:
interface Ethernet0/0
ip address 172.16.0.1 255.255.255.0
#
rip
network 172.16.0.0
B:
interface Ethernet0/0
ip address 172.16.0.2 255.255.255.0
#
interface LoopBack0
ip address 10.0.0.1 255.255.255.0
#
rip
network 172.16.0.0
network 10.0.0.0
C:
interface Ethernet0/0
ip address 172.16.0.3 255.255.255.0
#
interface LoopBack0
ip address 10.0.1.1 255.255.255.0
#
rip
network 0.0.0.0
故障现象:
1)A 路由器ping 10.0.0.1 的包一通一断
[A]ping 10.0.0.1
PING 10.0.0.1: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Reply from 10.0.0.1: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=4 ms
Reply from 10.0.0.1: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=2 ms
Reply from 10.0.0.1: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=3 ms
Reply from 10.0.0.1: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=2 ms
Reply from 10.0.0.1: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=3 ms
--- 10.0.0.1 ping statistics ---
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 2/2/4 ms
2)B C 两路由器都缺少到对方子网的路由条目
[B]dis rip routing
RIP routing table: public net
A = Active I = Inactive G = Garbage collection
C = Change T = Trigger RIP
Destination/Mask Cost NextHop Age SourceGateway Att
[C]dis rip routing
RIP routing table: public net
A = Active I = Inactive G = Garbage collection
C = Change T = Trigger RIP
Destination/Mask Cost NextHop Age SourceGateway Att
查看A 路由器的路由表发现A 没有到10.0.0.0 子网的具体路由,同时B C 也缺失到对方子网的路由,原因是RIP V1 不支持不连续的子网,并且自动汇总功能不可关闭造成的。此处虽然可以通过给路由器A B C 的E0/0 接口配置辅助IP 来是子网连续,但由于破坏了网络的规划,因此采用了修改为RIP V2 并关闭自动汇总的方法解决。
A:
interface Ethernet0/0
ip address 172.16.0.1 255.255.255.0
rip version 2 multicast
#
rip
network 172.16.0.0
B:
interface Ethernet0/0
ip address 172.16.0.2 255.255.255.0
rip version 2 multicast
#
interface LoopBack0
ip address 10.0.0.1 255.255.255.0
#
rip
undo summary
network 172.16.0.0
network 10.0.0.0
C:
interface Ethernet0/0
ip address 172.16.0.3 255.255.255.0
rip version 2 multicast
#
interface Serial0/0
clock DTECLK1
link-protocol ppp
ip address dhcp-alloc
#
interface LoopBack0
ip address 10.0.1.1 255.255.255.0
#
rip
undo summary
network 0.0.0.0
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